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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 89-97.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00001

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干旱沙区土壤结皮发育对草本植物土壤种子库的影响

陶海璇1,2(), 郭春秀1, 马俊梅1, 王忠文1, 赵赫然1, 宋达成1, 何芳兰1()   

  1. 1.甘肃省治沙研究所 甘肃河西走廊森林生态系统国家定位研究站,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.民勤县林业技术推广站,甘肃 民勤 733399
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-18 修回日期:2023-02-11 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 何芳兰
  • 作者简介:何芳兰(E-mail: hefanglan2003@126.com
    陶海璇(1969—),男,甘肃民勤人,高级工程师,主要从事林业技术推广与研究。E-mail: mqlythx@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31860175);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(2019ZYTG07);甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目(20JR5RA098)

Influences of soil crust development on soil seed bank of herbaceous plants in arid desert area

Haixuan Tao1,2(), Chunxiu Guo1, Junmei Ma1, Zhongwen Wang1, Heran Zhao1, Dacheng Song1, Fanglan He1()   

  1. 1.Gansu Hexi Corridor Forest Ecosystem National Research Station,Gansu Desert Control Research Institute,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Minqin County Forestry Technology Extension Station,Minqin 733399,Gansu,China
  • Received:2022-10-18 Revised:2023-02-11 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-08-14
  • Contact: Fanglan He

摘要:

为了探讨干旱沙区土壤结皮发育对草本植物土壤种子库的影响,以巴丹吉林沙漠南缘已发育土壤结皮的区域为场所,通过野外调查与土培萌发的方法,对土壤结皮不同发育阶段的地表特征及草本植物土壤种子库特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)结皮前期向藓类结皮的演替导致地表微形态、结皮层厚度均出现明显的变化,并在不同发育阶段间呈现出一定的差异性(P<0.05)。(2)随着土壤结皮不断演替,种子库中沙生物种逐渐退出、旱生物种陆续出现,优势种演变为画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)、雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)→画眉草、雾冰藜、盐生草(Halogeton glomeratu)→画眉草、盐生草→画眉草。(3)在土壤结皮整个演替过程中,种子库密度、物种多样性指数均出现了先增大后减小的变化趋势(峰值在藻类-地衣结皮阶段),地衣-藓类结皮阶段(或更高)各指标值均显著小于结皮前期(P<0.05);同时,种子库水平分布逐渐均匀化、垂直分布趋于结皮层,种子库与地上植被物种相似性明显降低。因此认为,土壤结皮发育不仅通过增强地表稳定性、改变地表微形态影响种子库的空间分布,还通过改变土壤生境条件影响地上植被对种子库的贡献能力。

关键词: 土壤结皮, 土壤种子库, 空间分布, 物种多样性, 演替

Abstract:

Soil seed bank refers to the sum of all active seeds existing in the litter of soil surface and soil, supplying an important seed source for potential regeneration of aboveground vegetation. In order to explore the effects of soil crust development on the characteristics of herbaceous soil seed bank in arid desert area, the test sites were deployed on the southern margin of Badain Jaran Desert, where the surface morphologies of soil crusts at different development stages and characteristics of herbaceous soil seed bank were studied by field investigation and seed germination. The results showed that: (1) the succession from no crust stage to moss crust stage leaded to significant changes in the micromorphologies and thickness of soil crusts per unit area, of which obvious differences among development stages were observed (P<0.05). (2) With the continuous succession of soil crusts, some psammophytes in the seed bank withdrew gradually, while obvious increases in xerophyte species. At the same time, the successional processes of dominant species were as follows: Eragrostis pilosa and Bassia dasyphyllaE. pilosaB. dasyphylla and Halogeton glomeratuE. pilosa and H.glomeratuE. pilosa. (3) In the whole succession process of soil crusts, the densities and species diversity indexes of soil seed bank showed unanimous trends of increasing first and then decreasing (the peak value was in the algae-lichen crust stage), which in lichen moss stage or higher stage were significantly lower than those in the no crust stage (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the distribution of soil seed bank in horizontal direction gradually became homogenization, and its vertical distribution tended to centralization in soil crust layer; besides, the species similarity between seed bank and aboveground vegetation decreased significantly. Therefore, the formation and progressive succession of soil crusts not only influenced the spatial distribution of soil seed bank by enhancing stability and changing micromorphology of soil surface, but also affected the contribution ability of aboveground vegetation to soil seed bank by changing soil habitat conditions.

Key words: soil crusts, soil seed bank, spatial distribution, species diversity, succession

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